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ELI5 How data can be transferred by a laser or beam?
(lemmy.world)
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As the other comments stated, it can be as simple as turning the light on and off and we already do this with fiber optic network connections. The light particles themselves aren't carrying the data, just the pattern of on and off.
It is also possible to send multiple streams of light using color filters. It's called Wavelength Division Multiplexing.