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For Frigate you can just add a Coral TPU to offload the heavy lifting but with Jellyfin you'll likely need a GPU/iGPU (Intel) that can handle transcoding. I don't know what specific models you're looking at but you might try to determine their passmark score. I think it's recommended at least 2000 score for a single 1080p transcode. Alternatively you can stick to specific file formats that won't need transcoding but this might be some work.
You could get a used Dell Optiplex micro. They have i3/i5 processors and can be found for around $100. This will at least get you going and you can always build something later.
My jellyfin works just fine with CPU. It's an Intel core 7, not a cheap one, but the GPU is not mandatory
Your intel core7 has an iGPU which is what QuickSync is. Its one of the best for transcoding. Even without hardware acceleration the Intel CPU will handle this workload just fine but most of these Chinese mini PCs have ARM chips which won't come with these benefits.
Edit: I see these Miniforum PCs do have Intel and AMD chips so I was making an incorrect assumption here.