Learned this from a friend. The types are null, integer, real, text, and blob. My friend describes them thusly:

• Null stores nothing, but like, actively nothing, as opposed to the absence of a thing.
• Integer is a signed integer, up to 8 bytes.
• Real is always an 8-byte float.
• Text is an arbitrary-length UTF-8 or UTF-16.
• Blob is an arbitrary-length anything-else. But I hope you remembered what you put there. Because it sure isn't gonna tell you. Oh, and it doesn't have strong typing, so if you ask for it back as an integer, it'll quite happily give you it back as an integer, especially if that doesn't make sense!