Interesting read, basically the demonstrated that Gpt_4 can understand causality, using random graphs. Interesting take-away though is this excerpt:

"And indeed, as the math predicts, GPT-4’s performance far outshines that of its smaller predecessor, GPT-3.5 — to an extent that spooked Arora. “It’s probably not just me,” he said. “Many people found it a little bit eerie how much GPT-4 was better than GPT-3.5, and that happened within a year."