Applying a conservative estimate of four indirect deaths per one direct death to the 37 396 deaths reported, it is not implausible to estimate that up to 186 000 or even more deaths could be attributable to the current conflict in Gaza. Using the 2022 Gaza Strip population estimate of 2 375 259, this would translate to 7·9% of the total population in the Gaza Strip.

• Counting the dead in Gaza: difficult but essential, by Rasha Khatib, Martin McKee, Salim Yusuf.

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(24)01169-3/fulltext