In the west, you should expect to find the border guard. They are capable of checking databases and patrolling in nature, but aren’t heavily armed.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ANxo0gBM6GM

In this video you can see soldiers patrolling the borders with rifles and dogs and using drones to scan the area, what's your definition of heavily armed? They look heavily armed enough to me.

And tens of thousands of guys have taken leave on their own, despite anything the border guard can do. If one doesn’t like the draft, one hikes out via the Carpathian mountains.

I hope that's true, according to wikipedia half of the people trying to escape are getting caught

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobilization_in_Ukraine

"Since the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, around 650,000 military-aged men have left the country. According to Ukrainian authorities, as of November 2023, around 20,000 people had been caught while trying to cross the border illegally since February 2022, and another 20,000 successful crossings were recorded between February 2022 and 31 August 2023 according to a BBC Eye Investigation."

Malatesta wrote multiple times on the subject.

https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/errico-malatesta-anarchists-have-forgotten-their-principles

https://www.marxists.org/archive/malatesta/1916/pro-government-anarchists.html