Pretty sure is historical emissions data. China and India have like 20 years of emissions, that are still pretty low when accounting by per capita or by "imported emissions"*, while United States and Europe have been producing carbon emissions for more that a century now.

* imported emissions are emissions caused by industry that is going to export the products to be consumed elsewhere.

The top 10 most polluting countries according to the IPCC: Qatar — 37.05 per capita Kuwait — 23.49 per capita Saudi Arabia — 19.39 per capita Canada — 16.85 per capita United States — 15.74 per capita Germany — 9.7 per capita China — 7.72 per capita Spain — 6.09 per capita France — 5.02 per capita Thailand — 4.05 per capita

Source: https://www.countryliving.com/uk/news/a37266476/most-polluting-countries-un-report/

And from Wikipedia:

Greenhouse gas emissions by China are the largest of any country in the world both in production and consumption terms, and stem mainly from coal burning in China, including coal-fired power stations, coal mining,[3] and blast furnaces producing iron and steel.[4] When measuring production-based emissions, China emitted over 14 gigatonnes (Gt) CO2eq of greenhouse gases in 2019,[5] 27% of the world total.[6][7] When measuring in consumption-based terms, which adds emissions associated with imported goods and extracts those associated with exported goods, China accounts for 13 gigatonnes (Gt) or 25% of global emissions.[8]

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_China

So, yeah, bullshit map

I believe this map is made essentially as an amalgamation of all the years in this gif. It might make more sense to you if you observe it like that.

Ascription of historical and collective guilt, and how to do it, if at all, is a separate topic, but the underlining data is correct.