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My baseline is a public VPS with Pangolin/Crowdsec installed. I have authentik as a login system. Pangolin let's me put authentik in front of any service so they have to log in hit before the service in question. Helps give a bit of peace of mind with the services which themselves might not be security focused. Also, these pangolin routes are able to block anything outside my country by rules, so that trims a good portion of attacks as well.
Some things don't like that authentik layer in front though. Audiobookshelf's phone app for example cant handle it. For that, I route those domains through cloudflare tunnels. Their tunnels do a good job blocking lots of attacks, so not having authentik in front is more acceptable.
But then there's jellyfin that doesnt want to be on cloudflare tunnels and doesnt want authentik in front. For that, I just have it on my pangolin side with only crowdsec helping. Not ideal, but best I can do without making my grandma install a VPN on a raspberry pi in so her TV can connect or some shit.
And lastly, I have some private services like forgejo that don't like authentik in front and only I myself care about. I tailscale to those rather than exposing sometimes.
Only other thing I think I need to add sometime is some VLAN separations?
I have oidc setup in both foregejo and Audiobookshelf with authentik as the provider.
What youre talking about is having an app refer to authentik to find out who a user is.
Internet -> audiobookshelf -> asks authentik who it is
In addition to that, you can set pangolin up so that it doesnt even hit that app in the first place at all unless the user is already signed into authentik.
Internet -> pangolin makes user log into authentik before forwarding along -> audiobookshelf -> asks authentik who it is
So if the app in question has a security vulnerability, its not a problem because no one even gets to the app at all to begin to try to exploit it unless they've logged into authentik first.