Wikipedia

Or on Death Row.

Anyway, the "Atheists in Foxholes" fallacy is an emotional appeal to Pascal's Wager, which states that it is better to believe in God and be wrong than to be an Atheist and be wrong. That if you believe in God and live a good life, you find there's no Heaven, but you've lived a good life. As opposed to living as an Atheist and finding out God exists.

The problem with Pascal's Wager is that it isn't one of two, it's one of thousands. Even within "Christians," even excluding Catholics, you have dozens of sects which each preach that the others are wrong. One could argue, then, that just believing in God is enough, but all of these sects will say you must tithe 10%, so you give ten of them 100% of your earnings, and if another sect is right, you still lose Pascal's Wager.

Pascal's Wager is also unfair to anyone who was not raised with Christianity, like Japanese and Chinese people who were raised around Buddhism (though, Christianity has made inroads in those countries — even within progressive anime, I know of two that feature a Japanese Catholic character right off the top of my head, so it's hardly uncommon).

The Atheist rebuttal to Pascal's Wager could be that by living your best life and not committing to any one higher power, if there is, in fact, a higher power, they should take you based on your good deeds and your ability to think for yourself. That assumes that higher power can put your good deeds and independence above their own pride, but since their pride is not great enough to make themselves known beyond a shadow of a doubt (e.g. why did miracles happen thousands of years ago but not today?), it shouldn't be a problem.

But the truth is, there is no sure fire wager to ensure the best outcome after death, if there are any outcomes beyond this life. The best bet is to just be a good person, and spread goodness, as that can outlive you, but it's not a guarantee of anything. That being said, the best deeds aren't done for any guarantee of reward. We do them because we ourselves are good, or strive to be good. Or at least better than we were the day before.