Many people think tribes are primitive and warlike, and that’s where the definition of tribalism you’re using comes from.

Maybe for you as an individual.

Meanwhile, on Earth:

I've spent most of my career in Sub-Saharan Africa, and use of the term "tribe" and related descriptors is commonly used in regular news headlines for things like tribal leaders (also called traditional leaders when they're less tied to a specific ethnic group) and tribal conflicts - what academics would call "inter-ethnic conflicts" as well. Tribe literally means a distinct ethnic group with distinct cultural components. Example 1, example 2, example 3. It's in common use today meaning the thing it always meant. It's not archaic or disused or so loaded with racist baggage that is' unusable any more than other alt-right abused terms like how "Globalist" actually means "Jews" to them, or "Traditional" meaning anti-LGBTQI+.

Another term, "tribal lands," is more common term in the US to describe Native American lands (typically reservations, which are jails without walls for individual ethnic groups IMO). Not only perfectly valid, but it's a term Native Americans use to describe themselves, as they are isolated and organized in their forced apartheid system by ethnic groups.

I had a colleague object to the word "indigenous" for similar reasons as you're objecting to "tribe." But for her it was personal. She felt it was pejorative as it was used as such by colonial oppressors, as opposed to "local." I get that, but that's also a widely used term. That was personal preference and how she thought everyone should speak more positively about themselves, as she had noticed little use of the term in the UK to describe, for example, locally made cheddar. But she was also conservative AF, so who knows how that will hit for you.

So, I will say sorry that a word you don't understand or use correctly gives you feels that may have nothing to do with you. But also, the word "tribalism" is a valid, modern word that is perfectly acceptable even in academia. Tribalism isn't even fully negative, but simply describes a loyalty to ethnic or ethno-cultural ties. Which is exactly how I used it.