I don't really know how to word this question. But, basically, when users reply to my comments, I don't always see these replies, and not all my comments are visible in other instances. I would have assumed this was an issue with comments not federating, but it seems arbitrary: it doesn't seem to be tied to any particular instance, it happens with instances where there shouldn't be any issues communicating with, and it seems to happen inconsistently.
Here's an example. I asked this question the other day and, as far as I could tell, got no replies (I asked "Whats wrong with Nvida, genuine question?"). From the point of view of Piefed.ca, I got no responses.
Then I happened across my Piefed account on Mastodon, and I see that I actually got three replies, and one of those replies got a reply.

It looks like all these replies are from Lemmy accounts. And they are from instances that I normally don't have any issues with (I converse with users from sh.itjust.works and lemmy.world all the time). So I'm not sure why this is suddenly causing issues now.
Here's another example. There is a thread about the possibility of age verification being introduced in Canada (I know age verification is pretty controversial here, so just to be clear I'm not advocating for it, but that's besides the point). Here's the thread from the point of view of piefed.ca, which is the instance I'm commenting from:

So far so good. But when I look on other instances, such as lemmy.ca and sh.itjust.works, it looks like the last comment has been dropped :

And that's it, the conversation stops there. At first I thought this was an issue with Piefed, so I checked out piefed.social, but there it looks like none of my comments, not even my first one, show up at all.

I have other comments in other areas of that particular thread, and they all seem to be showing up fine, even on piefed.social.
This is weird because this thread, and both users I was interacting with, were from lemmy.ca. And piefed.ca and lemmy.ca are very closely interconnected, they even have the same mods. So I wouldn't expect there to be issues federating between them.
So I'm really not sure what the issue is. Could someone please explain what's going on and how I can fix it?
This seems like a pretty classic federation issue though. Sometimes comments, posts, votes etc just don't propagate, because reasons.