I will second Noon books by Strugatskys. It's literally the series that comes to mind when the op's question is "communist setting without being explicit". The books deal a lot with the moral dilemmas that arise in such society and with contacts with other cultures.

I would also suggest "Probationers", also by Strugatsky brothers. It's a bit more grounded, taking place solely inside the solar system, but it has more overt "capitalism vs communism" discussions by several characters, without veering into propaganda or strawmanning. If anything, the chapter with space miners seems like a direct jab at contemporary (and even modern, despite book being old) western sci-fi. Good stuff