tektro r559 nutted is usually an option for such an upgrade. r539 has shorter reach if needed

sure, preference for frames with canti-post but it is a big limiting factor. some touring frames from the 80s come with posts but center pull caliper were used earlier

Tektro R559 are modern dual pivots that are long enough and come in a nutted version. For something vintage, a Weinmann or Dia-Compe 750 centerpull brakes will be stronger than single pivot brakes, but require cable hangers.

You can get “nutted” versions of many dual-pivot center-mount calipers for pre-recessed-nut framesets.

If you’re good with tools, drilling the back half of the fork crown to clear the shank of a recessed nut is an easy and worthwhile task if you’re wanting to open up your options for the more important of the two calipers and/or use a Sheldon Nut for fenders.