Its not the 19th century anymore. Iodine deficiency is not a serious concern in most civilized countries. Most people can get enough iodine from their diets from dairy/eggs/fish/legumes.
You don't need iodized salt, go ahead and use fancy salt. If you're really concerned, take a multivitamin every now and then.
Some simplifying assumptions.
Let the distance from Earth to Mars be equal to 1, and assume it does not change. Let the direction from Earth to Mars be the positive direction.
Assume that the rockets travel at a constant velocity.
The displacement of the rockets can be represented with the lines
Where t is time in days since rocket A took off. Notice rocket A has a negative slope (negative velocity) since it is moving from Mars to Earth. Rocket A has an initial position of 1, since it starts at Mars. Rocket B has a horizontal shift to the right of 30 days, representing it taking off later.
The rockets cross where these lines intersect. So
So the rockets cross approximately 103 days after rocket A took off. The position at that time is
So when they cross, they are about 49% of the way from Earth to Mars. Just closer to Earth than Mars.
This is why you read the while question before trying to answer it. When the cross, they are both the same distance from Earth.