Throwing photoshop at it will just be more use of AI.

People who can get this kind of stuff out of AI almost certainly know how to inpaint, they probably even have enough of an artistic eye to do it, the question now becomes: Why would you. Perfect graphical fidelity is not required for the artistic statement. I mean if you were to hang it up in a gallery, sure, but it's a throwaway meme the internet will have forgotten tomorrow, anyway.