There's nothing like it, nor will it ever be, for a couple of reasons.

Programming is a long running task

Distros like Kali are meant to be used for quick tasks where you don't need data preservation (or when data preservation is a bad thing). Programming is the opposite of this, it's only about data (the program) preservation. Programming something that will get erased on the next boot is pointless on the long run if you need to program that again, and if you don't then what you're doing is not programming but something else that requires some programming.

Programming is a wide term

There are multiple languages/IDEs/Workflows/etc, ranging from fully free and open source to paid closed source, whichever you will use depends entirely on you, having all of that pre installed would be 99% garbage since you will only care about 1 or 2 of them.

Programming requires setup

Even if you had whatever workflow you use pre installed, to work on something you would need to setup git keys, install dependencies, compile the first version, etc... and that's all before you can start doing stuff. And you would have to do this again and again since distros like Kali are not meant to be installed (if they were they wouldn't need to come with all those packages pre-installed because you could just install the ones you cared about)