No relation between them. Literally zero, aside from the name. The Prey from 2017 is only called that for marketing reasons.

Unfortunately not. Actually there's a pretty frustrating thread running through Prey. Zenimax / Bethesda Studios got the rights to the name in 2009.

In 2011 there was going to be a "real" sequel set in the same universe that still managed to have nothing to do with the original. It was one of the first games I got really hyped for. Big shock, it got stuck in development hell and got scrapped. (Side note, I love how in 2011 every video game was acting like what's now basic quality-of-life movement stuff was revolutionary.)

Then ZeniMax / Bethesda bought Arkane Studios, and after Dishonored 2, they wanted to make the next game in the System Shock / BioShock / (DeusEx?) immersive sim spiritual successor soup, and they wanted it closer to System Shock than anything else had been. They considered the names Typhon and Starseed. A lot of people are convinced it should've been called Neuroshock. Zenimax, though, some suit at Zenimax decided it was too risky as a new thing and reached for the nearest sci-fi names they had access to. So regardless of what Arkane wanted, it was called Prey.