Somehow the rest of Europe doesn't need to get people's IDs when SIM cards are sold "for basic protection of its citizens and for terrorism prevention". Further, the idea that "terrorists" won't just buy their SIMs in a different country and bring them over and using them in Germany is laughable (the only reason I did so for the couple of months I lived in Germany is because I was a heavy data user).

Also from what I've seen in Britain, having government entities unable to properly share data AND having a disproportionately high level of civil society surveillance are not at all incompatible.

I would've tended see the same association between no-IDs and no-crossing of data with low-surveillance that you seem to be making here if I hadn't seen first hand how that is not at all linked (or maybe it's actually inverselly correlated) during the time I lived in Britain.

As with everything, there has to be Proportionality (are the gains from mandate backdoors on everybody's software or mandatory taps on every phone out there so great they justify the high risk of massive loss of privacy and security of the general population) and ther has to be Independent Oversight, as in, it has to happen with a Court Order which is the result of a Judge having examined the case of the police and determined that there is sufficient reason to break somebody's privacy, same as is necessary for the Police to break into somebody's house to conduct a search, and we're not talking about "special" surveillance courts with secret proceedings that even the defense attorneys can't attend such as the US' FISA courts and the UK's equivalent (whose name now evades me) - though in the UK there are even surveillance systems which, by Law, the Police does not need a Court Order access as they see fit.

Given that the smart criminals - read big, dangerous ones - don't use phones they bought when showing their ID and where they have a contract that they pay from their bank account, and in some cases even use proprietary comms apps rather than the ones common people use (it's not as if it's hard to make an encrypted comms app for anybody with even just a bit of mobile development experience: I can make you one with unbreakable cryptography in a week, but it does require periodic transport of harddisks filled with random bytes because the key is as long as the message) things like mandated backdoors on widelly available comms apps only provide a mild improvement in Police effetiveness whilst openning a massive attack vector on millions, tens of millions, or even hundreds of millions (for the whole of the EU) of law-abiding citizens, hence are a massivelly dispropotionate solution versus other options, such as bugging the devices, direct surveillance of the suspects and so on.

Also for me personally, having lived in the UK, you cannot at all in any way or form trust the Authorities with such power as they will with absolute certainty abuse it. Also even if a country's authorities are squeaky clean, prim and propper today (most definitelly not so in the UK, were they even had surveillance on the Green Party, but most of Europe is better), there is no guarantee the next ones will still be so (remember, most of Europe was at some point under Fascist or Communist dictatorships), and in this day an age stuff once recorder exists forever and can be later fished out and used against you even when back in the day when you said it or wrote it, it's was totally legit.

So it's the balance of pros and cons (i.e. the fail in Proportionality) that makes mandated backdoors on everybody's comms apps for the purpose of surveillance, even under proper oversight by a Court of Law in a country with trustworthy Authorities and proper Laws rather than "funny" surveillance Courts, still be an unacceptable option.

Yeah, you'll always find cases were you're told "if only we had backdoors in every comms app we could have stopped it", same as you would for "mandatory taps in every phone" or "mandatory cameras in every person's home" (though, "curiously", they never mention the problem that with so much data it's way harder to spot those single instances of lawbreaking), but having such things for every single person in a country is still an incredibly disproportinate solution for what it solves.

They’ve never had a reason to not trust their governments.

From how people actually from those countries (and not approving Americans) seem to me, the main reason their governments function well is exactly that they don't have too much power or bureaucratic depth to brew something bad, and because people don't trust them or respect them too much.

I'd say that's the reason these are "among the happiest countries in the world".

That they don't "trust" the government (the way approving Americans would want to), they just don't fear it or treat it as magic. And I think most people elsewhere willing to live "like in Scandinavia" would push things into the opposite direction, if given their way.