Two reasons. One, you may be using a wide angle lens, which makes things look farther away, but as a tradeoff gives you a wider field of view.
Two, you may be viewing the image on the tiny camera screen instead of on a large TV. The image has been shrunk to fit the screen.
Try using a zoom lens or zooming into the digital image on a larger screen.
It's due to the field of view of the lens and perspective distortion.
Very annoying.
You see a huge mountain, you think "I'll need a very wide lens to fit this in" and then the mountain looks very small.
Are there lenses that can mimic the human eye on this?
You need a 50mm lens for a full frame sensor, or the equivalent for the sensor size you are using. There should be some site to calculate that equivalence. That's the lens focal length that best resembles the human eye. Also the zoom on your camera should be able to mimic the same effect.
It's tricky.
You can come close to the perspective with what we call a "normal" lens (50mm focal length on full frame, 35mm on APS-C Crop sensors).
The other issue you have is that human vision is not a sharp rectangle and that it's extremely dynamic. You can look around a scene and refocus your vision almost instantly, while a photograph provides one fixed viewpoint and focus.
One more thing to improve perspective in images can be the use of comparisons in the image. A mountain with a house or a person at the bottom can look bigger because our brain knows how big those things are and understands the scale. In the case of the spider I usually photograph them next to a coin, as most people will recognise how big that is.
I assume you're using a phone, and phone cameras are created to excel in the average situation. Photos of people, and photos of places people have been. So they use a 28mm(ish) lens because it's nice and wide and fits everyone in the picture, and fits in the cool mountain range you visited last summer. It keeps most of the people happy most of the time.
Macro images aren't needed most of the time. If you need a macro, you could use a camera with for example a Nikon AI-s 105mm f/2.5 lens, you'll get insane macro shots of your giant spider with incredible amounts of detail. (like this)
Focal length of the lenses. The biological lenses in your eyeballs curve light differently than the glass lenses of a camera. Professional photographers have a whole load of different lenses with different focal points.
Check out this to see more: https://www.dpreview.com/forums/thread/4164807
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