I don’t believe what we see from the genetically-engineered characters in DS9 is representative of the intellectual disabilities they possessed beforehand.
The implication is that, as Khan and the augments from the 20th Century developed a superiority complex and compulsion to enact their desires on the world, personality traits from Lauren, Patrick, and the others also became heightened. Lauren may have had learning disabilities and a high libido before her cognitive abilities were enhanced. The learning disability was removed, but her enhanced cognitive abilities tipped the high libido into a permanent state of nymphomania.
Likewise, Patrick may have had learning disabilities and emotional processing issues. The learning disabilities got “fixed” but the cognitive enhancements supercharged his emotional processing issues.
Also inferred from dialogue is Bashir’s enhancements were less intensive than the others, which prevented him from developing the kinds of neurosis the others suffered from. Jack, for instance, mentions a “full package” implying a full augmentation, à la Khan and his supermen.
I agree that there was likely censorship involved that toned down the presentation of the neurosis (a great deal of TV was like this at the time) along with a lack of nuanced understanding of the subject matter.