"Massive coal" was twenty years ago. India is "massive coal" now.

They have an electric car that costs $10,000.

They are quickly switching from Li batteries to Na, which will not require Ni or Co either.

They have a mixture of capitalism and central planning, so it's not entirely fair to call them "non-capitalist".

You're right, my life would be so much better if government stopped interfering with corporations' right to exercise monopoly power and wage theft. I wish government would just let them do their jobs properly and compel us into total debt bondage.

Part of the point of reading literature is appreciating how authors write books. "Literacy" includes being able to read and understand diverse styles of writing. This seems more like it's geared toward passing standardized tests that require reading comprehension.

Saturn is a mixture of gases. It has a solid rocky/hydrogen core surrounded by a layer of liquid hydrogen/helium. You could argue that this intermediate liquid layer might have solid particulates, and this would agree with the definition, but overall Saturn is too complicated to be classified this way. A better extreme example would be something like Earth's oceans.

Corporations want to be perceived as people, and they are protected by law as such. A person who knowingly manufactures weapons that are being used to commit a genocide is a psychopath. Psychopaths typically feign empathy to appear normal and blend in with society. Lockheed Martin supporting Pride is an example of such behavior.

Of course corporations are profit maximization engines, not people. By allowing them to act like people, we are normalizing psychopathy.

I think it's the degree of bullshit that increases gradually. To speak from experience, when you are a grad student you get a feeling like there's corruption but overall your project seems like it's important and making a real contribution (hopefully). You also don't have to worry about where the money is coming from. Sometimes the grant as a whole is total bullshit but there is enough discretionary spending included that great science comes out of it. But you don't realize this until you're writing grants, and by then you're maybe too deep in the game to pull out. Essentially, you end up becoming a manager once you get tenure. There is no epiphany; it's more like a slow creep.

Monoculture is terrible for the ecosystem. Fertilizer runoff causes algal blooms and dead zones in the ocean. Multinational agricultural conglomerates force developing world farmers to purchase their GMO seeds sue them for copyright infingement if they try to use their seed stock in the next season. Rainforests are being burned down to make room for pastures of methane emitting cattle and monocultured palm oil plantations. The Haber-Bosch process is responsible for 5% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Should I go on? At what point am I supposed to like this?

Literally children who want big loud vroom vroom trucks with lots of chrome.

There actually is a much easier way with enhanced weathering. Igneous rocks naturally carbonate as they weather, and pull CO2 out of the atmosphere to make carbonates. This is why when you have a mountain building event it causes global cooling. So what you need to do is expose more igneous rock surface area to the atmosphere by grinding it up and spreading it out. This also costs energy but not nearly as much as carbon capture, and it's also slower. But we know it works, and there are several pilot studies trying it.

The problem is capitalism. There's no room for a zero-profit process in the economic system that everyone accepts as necessary. It has to somehow enrich the investor class.

Unless it's cloudy

The way the real estate market is currently set up, a property sitting empty still generates profit as a financial asset. This is the major issue with rentier capitalism, not your average middle class homeowner with an extra property for rent.

Well, capitalism has been hinted at here, but as far as I can see, nobody has suggested that we try to change society so that it's less oppressive. I realized a while ago that profit doesn't motivate me, and it sounds like you might have as well. I suggest (in addition to following the excellent medical advice) that you seek out your local socialist organization. Life doesn't have to be this depressing.