I used to work on the software for these cars, so I can speak to this a little. For what it's worth, I'm no longer with the project, so I have no reason to be sucking Google's dick if these weren't my honest opinions on the tech being used here. None of this is to excuse or defend Google, just sharing my insight on how these cars operate based on my experiences with them.

Waymo's cars actually do a really good job at self-navigation. Like, sometimes it's scary how good they actually are when you see the conditions they can operate under. There are so many layers of redundancies that you could lose all of the camera feeds, GPS, and cellular data, and they'll still be able to navigate themselves through traffic by the LIDAR sensors. Hell, even if you removed the LIDAR from that scenario, those cars accurately know their location based on the last known location combined with how many times each tire has revolved (though it'd just run into everything along the way, but at least it'd know where it's located the entire time). All of the other sensors and data points collected by the cars actually end up making GPS into the least accurate sensor on the car.

That said, the article mentions that it was due to "inconsistent construction signage", which I'd assume to be pretty accurate from my own experience with these cars. Waymo's cars are usually really good at detecting cone placements and determining where traffic is being rerouted to. But... that's generally only when the cones are where they're supposed to be. I've seen enough roadwork in Phoenix to know that sometimes Mad Max rules get applied, and even I wouldn't know how to drive through some of those work zones. It was pretty rare that I'd have to remotely take over an SDC, but 9/10 times I did it was because of construction signs/equipment being in weird places and I'd have to K-turn the car back where it came from.

That's not to say that construction consistently causes the cars to get stuck, but I'd say was one of the more common pain points. In theory, if somebody were to run over a cone and nobody picks it back up, an SDC might not interpret that obstruction properly, and can make a dumb decision like going down the wrong lane, under the incorrect assumption that traffic has been temporarily rerouted that way. It sounds scary, and probably looks scary as hell if you saw it on the street, but even then it's going to stop itself before coming anywhere near an oncoming car, even if it thinks it has right of way, since proximity to other objects will take priority over temporary signage.

The "driving through a red light" part I'm assuming might actually be inaccurate. Cops do lie, after all. I 100% believe in a Waymo car going down the opposing lane after some sketchy road cones, but I have a hard time buying that it ran a red light, since they will not go if they don't detect a green light. Passing through an intersection requires a positive detection of a green light; positive or negative detection of red won't matter, it has to see a green light for its intended lane or it will assume it has to stop at the line.

In the video, the cop says he turns on his lights and the SDC blows through a red light. While I was working there, red light violations were so rare that literally 100% of the red light violations we received were while a human was driving the car in manual mode. What I'd assume was likely going on is that the SDC was already in a state of "owning" the intersection for an unprotected left turn when the lights came on. When an SDC thinks it's being pulled over, it's going to go through its "pullover" process, which first requires exiting an intersection if currently in one. So what likely ended up happening is the SDC was already in the intersection preparing for a left turn, the light turns red while the SDC is in the box (and still legally has right of way to the intersection), cop turns on the sirens, SDC proceeds "forward" through the intersection until it's able to pull over.

But, that's just my speculation based on my somewhat outdated understanding of the software behind these cars. I'd love to see the video of it, but I doubt Waymo will release it unless there's a lawsuit.

It did recognize the patterns, but the construction signs were (allegedly) inconsistent

Also not that your comment wss alluding otherwise, but self driving cars only use AI for recognition. The decision making is deterministic algorithms