There's been some research specifically on color perception and naming, with some debate persisting. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_relativity_and_the_color_naming_debate and https://neurosciencenews.com/color-perception-language-21650/

There's also been some similar research into "perfect pitch". Populations with a tonal native language (like Mandarin) have a higher rate of perfect pitch. It seems likely to me that this is because they learned to associate tone with meaning from a very young age as part of language acquisition. See https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/speaking-tonal-languages/