Depending on what restrictions you have, you could try VSCode? That's what students were told to do at my university for remote C / C++ development off the school's servers
https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/remote/ssh
I'm not familiar with the others, but for vscode
- click the symbol that looks like
><
in the bottom left - potentially install the remote SSH add-on if it asks for it
- log in
- open the left sidebar and tell it to open the folder you are developing in