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Police in Hong Kong can now demand phone and computer passwords under amended national security law
(www.theguardian.com)
The UK has been doing that since '01 but only under the so-called "terrorism" act passed by notorious terrorist war criminal and Larry Ellison's bestie Tony Blair, who's currently so far inside him, his rectum's bleeding. Essentially the police can arrest you under no reasonable grounds, keep you detained indefinitely and you lose your right to private legal counsel (you're not allowed to speak to your solicitor/lawyer in private) and your right to silence, if you refuse to answer ANY questions you'll automatically be charged with TERRORISM and be branded a terrorist from then on, and you legally have to unlock any personal devices on your person under the exact same threat, refusal will be met with a terrorism charge.
It's literally almost exclusively used in a politically motivated manner and against political dissidents mostly at border checks. It was used against Palestine Action protesters before their ban was overturned by the High Court and Worker's Party leader George Galloway and his wife when he was arrested by armed counter-terror police at Gatwick sending them into exile (love him or hate him or whatever you think of him, doesn't matter really - he's definitely got some "unique" views - that's obviously a disgusting, Orwellian and draconian form of political persecution to say the least)
The police don't need any good reason and more often than not the order comes directly from the govt. The only reason it doesn't violate the Human Rights Act or European Convention on Human Rights is because it invokes the very vague "national security" exemption which is almost always "this is a matter of national security, trust me bro" and when they get asked for the justification of WHY it's so-called national security related they always say they can't disclose the justification because that's very conveniently to do with "national security" as well.