I mean they theoretically can but they'd have to hide one under like a false rock, keep the radar off until they somehow know an F-35 is very close, flick it on and then hope that's close enough for a track and launch.
Israel has huge intel on where their SAM sites are located in real time, so this already makes it near impossible.
A better solution would be a fully integrated radar system with a modern airforce to run and protect it, but that's expensive and would require years of buildup.
Then you could use some stacked radar tricks to identify F-35s from further out, and use data link to avoid alerting them on RWR. It would still be hard just due to the low RCS so any non stealth fighters would likely be prime targets as the F-35s slip by.
Choice between chemical weapons dictator or literally a former Al-Qaeda member.
Poor Syria