this post was submitted on 10 Dec 2025
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Novice homelaber here, is this just a case of apt update & upgrade or is there different commands for security and kernel updates? Also what’s your preferred backup/restore software? Thanks!
Nope it's just apt update & upgrade. Iirc apt tells you when the kernel was updated and needs a reboot as well.
Only if you installed the package
needrestartfull-upgrade probably a better pick
Is it? Afaik that also removes incompatible packages so if you've installed some custom stuff that might not be the best option.
You should be reading the proposed changes before pushing yes. But regardless you can get stuck upgrading if you use only "upgrade" when dependences intentionally incompatibly change by package maintainers
Not if you use Proxmox! One has to be careful.
I think you can do
apt upgrade --updatenow.WHAT. Does this do both sudo apt update and sudo apt upgrade?
see also --autoremove
Your note is very interesting about the difference between the commands and how autoremove will automatically remove stuff before or after the upgrade is performed. Should it always be done after, or are there instances when running it before is more beneficial? Is there any need to do both like this:
I can't really imagine a benefit to
--autoremoveexcept for keeping old packages a bit longer before removing them.Eg, if you run
apt --update --autoremove upgrade -yonce a day you'll keep your prior-to-currently-running-version kernel packages a day longer than if you ranautoremoveimmediately after each upgrade.To make things more confusing: the new-ish
apt full-upgradecommand seems to remove most of whatapt autoremovewants to... but not quite everything. 🤷I think so. I read it a few months back, but I don't use any apt based systems to check on.
Yup
'apt upgrade -U'
Incredible that it's not written everywhere, I always wanted to use something like this without the " update && upgrade" which looks like is not working oftentimes
Is it really not written? I saw apt upgrade --update and knew the standard shortcut would be -u, but that didn't work so I tried -U, bingo bongo off I went.
It am quite sure in the manual, but if you just look on the interwebz tutorials every command line just writes the full shebang. So you don't look up the manual and get flabbergasted when you see this post. btw: if you are able to guess "what the standard shortcut would be", you are a wizard Harry 🥳
🤯
Borg
restic (thanks @Xylight@lemdro.id )
backrest (restic with WebUI)
Also worth checking out restic. It's more command line oriented and is generally stateless
I configured restic once, forget about it and saved my files because it was making backups since forever.
Oh, never heard about it. A quick research showed me that restic is a very viable solution. Thanks for mentioning it, I added it to my comment.
While researching, I also came across a fancy WebUI, which is mostly what non-CLI users want: backrest
I am using restic and backrest on my yunohost server and I really like it! It is really set up and forget for me. Only the uploads to backblaze b2 are still triggered manually. Also did a full recovery from the backblaze repo (downloaded locally) without problems.
Also just now heard about Zerobyte it is a backup solution based on restic and looks very good!
Thanks just installed immich and I need a quality backup system.
I appreciate the link!
Kernel updates are usually held back and need to be selected manually. E.g. apt-get install linux-image-amd64.
I prefer rsync for private backups and employ bareos in my company for all servers.
I'm not the person you asked the question of. I'm a fellow novice homelaber.
I use Kopia to backup my data folders and Docker container data. Works really well. The project for this weekend is to set offsite backups to be uploaded to iDrive.
When I update I use this:
sudo apt update && \ sudo apt upgrade -y && \ sudo apt full-upgrade -y && \ flatpak update -y 2>/dev/null; \ sudo apt autoremove -y && \ sudo apt autoclean && \ sudo journalctl --vacuum-time=7dYou can get rid of upgrade if you also use full-upgrade