this post was submitted on 18 Jan 2025
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History

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In 1968 and 1969, student protests at several Japanese universities ultimately forced the closure of campuses across Japan. Known as daigaku funsō (大学紛争, lit. 'university troubles') or daigaku tōsō (大学闘争, 'university struggles'), the protests were part of the worldwide protest cycle in 1968 and the late-1960s Japanese protest cycle, including the Anpo protests of 1970 and the struggle against the construction of Narita Airport. Students demonstrated initially against practical issues in universities and eventually formed the Zenkyōtō in mid-1968 to organize themselves. The Act on Temporary Measures concerning University Management allowed for the dispersal of protesters in 1969.

Initially, demonstrations were organized to protest against unpaid internships at the University of Tokyo Medical School. Building on years of student organization and protest, New Left student organizations began occupying buildings around campus. The other main campus where the protests originated was Nihon University. They began with student discontent over alleged corruption in the university board of directors. At Nihon, protests were driven less by ideology and more by pragmatism because of the university's traditional and conservative nature. The movement spread to other Japanese universities, escalating into violence both on campus and in the streets. In late 1968, at the zenith of the movement, thousands of students entered Tokyo's busiest railway station, Shinjuku, and rioted. Factional infighting (uchi-geba, 内ゲバ) was rampant among these students. In January 1969, the police besieged the University of Tokyo and ended the protests there, leading to renewed fervor from students at other universities, where protests continued. However, as public support for the students fell, and the police increased their efforts to stop the protests, the movement waned. The passage of the 1969 Act on Temporary Measures concerning University Management gave police the legal basis to apply more forceful measures, although splinter groups of the New Left groups, such as the United Red Army, continued their violence into the 1970s.

The students drew ideological inspiration from the works of Marxist theorists like Karl Marx and Leon Trotsky, French existentialist philosophers like Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus, and the homegrown philosophy of the Japanese poet and critic Takaaki Yoshimoto. Yoshimoto's interpretation of "autonomy" (jiritsusei) and "subjectivity" (shutaisei) were based on his critique of the progressive liberal interpretations of these ideas by other Japanese intellectuals such as Masao Maruyama, whom he denounced as hypocritical. The students' devotion to shutaisei in particular would lead ultimately to the disintegration of their movement, as they focused increasingly on "self-negation" (jiko hitei) and "self-criticism" (hansei).

The university troubles helped in the emergence of Mitsu Tanaka's Women's Liberation (Ūman Ribu) movement. While most disputes had settled down by the 1970s and many of the students had reintegrated into Japanese society, the protests' ideas entered the cultural sphere, inspiring writers like Haruki Murakami and Ryū Murakami. The students' political demands made education reform a priority for the Japanese government, which it tried to address through organizations such as the Central Council for Education. The protests have been the subject of modern popular media, such as Kōji Wakamatsu's 2007 film United Red Army.

Zenkyōtō

The All-Campus Joint Struggle Committees (Japanese: 全学共闘会議; Zengaku kyōtō kaigi), commonly known as the Zenkyōtō (Japanese: 全共闘), were Japanese student organizations consisting of anti-government leftists and non-sectarian radicals.

The movement began at the University of Tokyo and Nihon University, and expanded rapidly to the other major universities over the subsequent three years.

Across the country, 127 universities — 24 percent of the national four-year university system in total — experienced strikes or occupations in 1968. In 1969, this rose to 153 universities or 41 percent. There was also a Zenkyōtō movement in the Japanese high schools.

Up to this point, mobilizing in the student movement meant conforming to the rules of the student council and constituting a clear majority within it. The Zenkyōtō, however, was formed in a voluntarist manner — or through direct democracy, so to speak — as an extralegal organization that operated outside the rules and without recognition by the university administration, consciously opposing the existing type of conformism.

The Zenkyōtō had no rules that governed either its membership or its leadership. Political sects participated in the movement, along with a multitude of small nonpartisan groups, but these organizations fought under the banner of each specific university in the Zenkyōtō.

From the moment of its formation, the Zenkyōtō spread to universities across the whole of Japan, something that had never been seen before in the postwar Japanese student movement, marking the specific character of ’68. Yet, at the same time, the Zenkyōtō as an organization overburdened itself from the outset with political difficulties specific to the practice of direct democracy, difficulties that would emerge later as the movement developed.

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[–] viva_la_juche@hexbear.net 31 points 2 weeks ago (3 children)

I’ll tell you one thing bout them Chinese, they know how to run a social media site

[–] DeathToBritain@hexbear.net 13 points 2 weeks ago

the worst people you know are getting banned at an astonishing rate. god bless the communist party of China

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[–] DengistDonnieDarko@hexbear.net 24 points 2 weeks ago (1 children)
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[–] DragonBallZinn@hexbear.net 24 points 2 weeks ago* (last edited 2 weeks ago)

Be me

really shit week

go out, grab coffee

see flyer

it mentioned PSL

realized that 7 years ago seeing “socialism” out in the open like that was totally unthinkable

I live in a yee-yee suburb in Ohio, this isn’t a big city.

It’s the little things

[–] Babs@hexbear.net 23 points 2 weeks ago

Damn my xhs post talking about homeless services and asking what it's like in China fucking popped off. Like hundreds of comments, 20k views, just people talking about homelessness in the two countries.

Also a lot of confused Chinese people being like "why don't they just go to the police for help?"

[–] TheSpectreOfGay@hexbear.net 22 points 2 weeks ago (13 children)

is it just me or do ppl these days seem more averse to the idea of piracy? like a few years ago, maybe 10? i feel like everyone online was all for piracy and would do it all the time. but now if i suggest piracy ppl will go "nooo piracy scary" and i dont get it????

[–] Inui@hexbear.net 16 points 2 weeks ago* (last edited 2 weeks ago) (1 children)

I'm so used to piracy being normal that I've legitimately made people uncomfortable a few times with just a casual mention. At work. Which like maybe its not the best place to be talking about it but come on.

Once I recommended a show and someone asked what streaming service it was on, and I said I didn't know because I pirated it. They said 'oh' and got visibly uncomfortable.

We were chatting about our hobby projects over the Summer and I talked about my home server in really vague details since its boring nerd shit, then people asked of I was like ripping all my media or where I got it from. Said I pirated it all, then it got real quiet.

I know everyone in my work likes to think we actually help the world (we dont) and that our employees are good/moral people (a lot of them aren't) but I'm willing to bet 80% of them have watched a movie online before Netflix was popular.

[–] TheSpectreOfGay@hexbear.net 13 points 2 weeks ago (3 children)

the idea that you're an immoral person for not giving netflix money every month is crazy lol

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[–] CthulhusIntern@hexbear.net 22 points 2 weeks ago

Bit idea: Do a parody of western people just simply saying "Tiannanmen Square", as if Chinese people are supposed to know that they're just talking about the protests, by having people say "the American government doesn't want you to know about Philadelphia", as if people are supposed to know you're actually talking about the MOVE bombing.

[–] SexUnderSocialism@hexbear.net 22 points 2 weeks ago
[–] SexUnderSocialism@hexbear.net 20 points 2 weeks ago

When you ban treats in a treat based economy biden-troll

[–] Prof_mu3allim@hexbear.net 20 points 2 weeks ago (1 children)

If anyone wants to learn Arabic under my tutelage catgirl-happy

[–] Prof_mu3allim@hexbear.net 15 points 2 weeks ago (2 children)

Idk why, but I like the word tutelage.

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[–] thelastaxolotl@hexbear.net 20 points 2 weeks ago (5 children)

Slammer banned from Rednote catgirl-cry

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[–] viva_la_juche@hexbear.net 19 points 2 weeks ago (6 children)

Not to be too tinfoil about it but the message when you open tiktok being all “we’re so fortunate president trump is gonna help us 🥹” really makes me feel like this was a layup for him for sure lol

[–] hexaflexagonbear@hexbear.net 13 points 2 weeks ago (2 children)

Bytedance did the obvious thing, and now Democrats may have to deal with a giant swing in one of their main demographics. They’re evil, but they’re also genuinely incompetent.

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[–] viva_la_juche@hexbear.net 18 points 2 weeks ago (2 children)
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[–] Aquilae@hexbear.net 18 points 2 weeks ago (1 children)

/r/Rednote currently has alot of libs changing their minds about China

[–] Aquilae@hexbear.net 13 points 2 weeks ago

Great place to do some posting tbh. It's small enough right now that you could probably have a long term effect on the sub's culture

[–] Hohsia@hexbear.net 17 points 2 weeks ago* (last edited 2 weeks ago) (3 children)

This timeline is such fucking cheeks

Trump always wins

Like seriously, dude first introduced this ban, democrats foolishly picked it back up, and now he’s going to save the day. I’m going to stay mad at dumbass Americans who can’t realize a clear con even though I should probably be blaming dems

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[–] glimmer_twin@hexbear.net 17 points 2 weeks ago* (last edited 2 weeks ago) (3 children)

Damn dude the anti-vegan vitriol on little red book is craaaazy. Any post that comes across my feed that even mentions vegans in any way has the most cursed comment section, coming from both westerners and Chinese users lol. I forgot the nice safe space we’ve created here.

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[–] thelastaxolotl@hexbear.net 17 points 2 weeks ago

In XHS there is a post saying "hello chinese people how do you feel about spain" and the top comment is calling them racist colonizers

spain-coolqin-shi-huangdi-fireball

[–] thelastaxolotl@hexbear.net 17 points 2 weeks ago* (last edited 2 weeks ago) (4 children)

New Megathread nerds japan-cool qin-shi-huangdi-fireball

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No current struggle session discussion here on the new general megathread, i will ban you from the comm and remove your comment, have a good day/night :meow-coffee:

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[–] stigsbandit34z@hexbear.net 16 points 2 weeks ago (1 children)

Lololol I love that Chinese citizens don’t think about the US whatsoever

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[–] makotech222@hexbear.net 16 points 2 weeks ago

Tiktok officially down for me

[–] viva_la_juche@hexbear.net 16 points 2 weeks ago (1 children)
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[–] DragonBallZinn@hexbear.net 16 points 2 weeks ago (3 children)

“Capitalism is perfection! Unions simply get in the way!”

Isn’t OPEC literally a union for oil execs to restrict supply so they can part with less of their resource and charge absurd amounts? This has a cascading effect on all prices.

landlords don’t compete, they collaborate to keep rents (and also land values) “high”, also effecting prices on goods and services

Capitalists have become such misers they’re even hoarding jobs and refusing to put people to work, so people’s lives are ruined and has caused a “failure to launch” syndrome affecting this generation.

Capitalists are everything they accuse socialists of being, they’re unionized and do not believe in a free market.

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[–] SpiderFarmer@hexbear.net 16 points 2 weeks ago (2 children)

Driving like a grandpa used to mean you were overly slow and cautious. Now it implies that you run over kids at stop signs with your Chevy.

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[–] DragonBallZinn@hexbear.net 16 points 2 weeks ago

Society: “love yourself! You’re enough!”

Also society: “if you’re not a prodigy in engineering and you’re not the world’s greatest engineer you’re totally unemployable and no one will ever hire you! Go starve on the streets, stupid!”

[–] gramxi@hexbear.net 15 points 2 weeks ago* (last edited 2 weeks ago)

how much linen could Lenin's coats cost if Lenin's coats could cost linen?

[–] SpiderFarmer@hexbear.net 15 points 2 weeks ago

Overhearing NCIS episode on a vehicular manslaughter case.

Girl: crying We didn't know it was a person.

Cop: It was a marine.

Hehe

[–] Parzivus@hexbear.net 15 points 2 weeks ago (1 children)

Seeing the media immediately become more tolerable now that Trump is about to be president sure is a weird feeling. Like you guys were eagerly supporting genocide for over a year

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[–] Taster_Of_Treats@hexbear.net 15 points 2 weeks ago* (last edited 2 weeks ago) (4 children)

My dad legitimately thinks that TikTok is a national security problem and "it must be really scary if 80% of congress voted to ban it." I pointed out that 80% of congress didn't lift a finger to save Gaza, and he said I was attacking their character not their argument, but he's literally using their assumed strong positive character as an appeal to authority argument too! Then went on to talk about how Trump is definitely compromat by Russia (moreso than just being financially in business with them, which is public knowledge).

I don't know how to argue with it considering that a lot of the specific arguments are hard to access because the feds are like "we can't say publicly why it's bad but it's super scary, believe us uwu." Any tips? All I've got is the ACLU is against the ban for freeze peach reasons.

I don't even personally like Tiktok as a format, I just credit it with being the only social media to show the unvarnished truth of Israel's genocide of Palestinians.

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[–] viva_la_juche@hexbear.net 14 points 2 weeks ago (2 children)

Twitter has reminded me about that time haz said women had two holes and peed from their vaginas lol

classic

[–] CliffordBigRedDog@hexbear.net 14 points 2 weeks ago* (last edited 2 weeks ago)
[–] viva_la_juche@hexbear.net 14 points 2 weeks ago (3 children)

Lmfaoooooo what can you even say joker-amerikkklap

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[–] WhyEssEff@hexbear.net 14 points 2 weeks ago* (last edited 2 weeks ago) (3 children)
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[–] PorkrollPosadist@hexbear.net 14 points 2 weeks ago* (last edited 2 weeks ago)

The Swiss will build a cylindrical grinder that can hold ±.0001" tolerances all day, but then put the bearings for a 100 pound blast door on a fucking aluminum track hasan-smash

[–] CrispyFern@hexbear.net 14 points 2 weeks ago (3 children)

Thank you hexbears for being such great allies. In fact, the A in STRAIGHT stands for Allies like u all stalin-heart

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[–] ButtBidet@hexbear.net 13 points 2 weeks ago

My job is depressing me so bad. God I want to live in socialism so hard.

[–] CrispyFern@hexbear.net 13 points 2 weeks ago

the internet is all robots now. We started off with no girls, now we got rid of all humans period.

[–] President_Obama@hexbear.net 13 points 2 weeks ago

Is me liking cute guys political? Or is it not political because theyre men, the apolitical gender?

[–] SexUnderSocialism@hexbear.net 12 points 2 weeks ago (1 children)

https://hexbear.net/post/4300440

Shitlibs will convince themselves that the reason Chinese people like Luigi Mangione must be because they desperately need him for their oppressive healthcare system, and not because they just admire him for doing the right thing. clown The brainrot never stops. Can't say I'm surprised that a website like futurism would imply such a thing. Futurists are some of the biggest clowns.

[–] TheLepidopterists@hexbear.net 13 points 2 weeks ago (1 children)

Chinese people: Oh my God hearing about your healthcare system makes me cry. I want to give you a hug. It's no wonder a good hearted person like Luigi was driven to violence. Perhaps America needs a revolution? By the way, I'm also a big fan of Aaron Bushnell.

Americans who refuse to interact with them directly: I bet they hate their own system and want to shoot someone over it also.

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[–] Goblinmancer@hexbear.net 12 points 2 weeks ago (1 children)

at this point qanon truthers hate Trump more than anyone.

mfers are trying to assassinate him because they are "bored"

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[–] Cowbee@hexbear.net 12 points 2 weeks ago (5 children)

Motivation and willpower low catgirl-flop

[–] Diva@lemmy.ml 15 points 2 weeks ago* (last edited 2 weeks ago) (7 children)

I've been scrolling XHS all morning

cultural exchange:

spoiler

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