this post was submitted on 03 Feb 2025
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Luna 9 (Луна-9), internal designation Ye-6 No.13, was an uncrewed space mission of the Soviet Union's Luna programme. On 3 February 1966, the Luna 9 spacecraft became the first spacecraft to achieve a soft landing on the Moon and return imagery from its surface.

Spacecraft

The spacecraft carrying on top the lander capsule, weighed together 1538 kg and was 2.7 meters tall. It commenced the main descent, shortly before its controlled impact it ejected the lander capsule. The lander had a mass of 99 kilograms (218 lb) and consisted of a spheroid Automatic Lunar Station (ALS) capsule measuring 58 centimetres (23 in). It used a landing bag to survive the impact speed of over 54 kilometres per hour (34 mph). It was a hermetically sealed container with radio equipment, a program timing device, heat control systems, scientific apparatus, power sources, and a television system.

The spacecraft was developed in the design bureau then known as OKB-1, under Chief Designer Sergei Korolev (who had died before the launch). The first 11 Luna missions were unsuccessful for a variety of reasons. At that time the project was transferred to Lavochkin design bureau since OKB-1 was busy with a human expedition to the Moon. Luna 9 was the twelfth attempt at a soft-landing by the Soviet Union; it was also the first successful deep space probe built by the Lavochkin design bureau, which ultimately would design and build almost all Soviet (later Russian) lunar and interplanetary spacecraft.

Launch and translunar coast

Luna 9 was launched by a Molniya-M rocket, serial number 103-32, flying from Site 31/6 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic. Liftoff took place at 11:41:37 GMT on 31 January 1966. The first three stages of the four-stage carrier rocket injected the payload and fourth stage into low Earth orbit, at an altitude of 168 by 219 kilometres (104 by 136 mi) and an inclination of 51.8°.[2] The fourth stage, a Blok-L, then fired to raise the perigee of the orbit to a new apogee approximately 500,000 kilometres (310,000 mi), before deploying Luna 9 into a highly elliptical geocentric orbit.

Descent and landing

At an altitude of 8,300 kilometres (5,200 mi) from the Moon, the spacecraft was oriented for the firing of its retrorockets and its spin was stopped in preparation for landing. From this moment the orientation of the spacecraft was supported by measurements of directions to the Sun and the Earth using an optomechanical system. At 75 kilometres (47 mi) above the lunar surface, the radar altimeter triggered the jettison of the side modules, the inflation of the airbags and the firing of the retro rockets. At 250 metres (820 ft) from the surface, the main retrorocket was turned off by the integrator of an acceleration having reached the planned velocity of the braking manoeuver. The four outrigger engines were used to slow the craft. About 5 metres (16 ft) above the lunar surface, a contact sensor touched the ground triggering the engines to be shut down and the landing capsule to be ejected and its landing airbag being inflated. The capsule landed at 22 kilometres per hour (14 mph; 6.1 m/s)

Surface operations

Approximately 250 seconds after landing in the Oceanus Procellarum, four petals that covered the top half of the spacecraft opened outward for increased stability. Seven hours after (to allow for the Sun to climb to 7° elevation) the probe began sending the first of nine images (including five panoramas) of the surface of the Moon. Seven radio sessions with a total of 8 hours and 5 minutes were transmitted, as well as a series of three TV pictures. After assembly the photographs gave a panoramic view of the immediate lunar surface, comprising views of nearby rocks and of the horizon, 1.4 kilometres (0.87 mi) away.

The first photo ever taken from the surface of another celestial body.

The pictures from Luna 9 were not released immediately by the Soviet authorities, but scientists at Jodrell Bank Observatory in England, which was monitoring the craft, noticed that the signal format used was identical to the internationally agreed Radiofax system used by newspapers for transmitting pictures.

The radiation detector, the only dedicated scientific instrument on board, measured dosage of 30 millirads (0.3 milligrays) per day. The mission also determined that a spacecraft would not sink into the lunar dust; that the ground could support a lander. The last contact with the spacecraft was at 22:55 GMT on 6 February 1966

The successful Luna 9 landing was commemorated on stamps.

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[–] jack@hexbear.net 39 points 2 months ago (2 children)

Comrades, I have been in the movement in America for a long time. The energy and momentum and organizing capacity of PSL at this moment is like nothing I've ever seen. We are growing so fast, we're holding massive public organizing meetings all over the country with hundreds or even thousands of people attending and looking to the party for leadership, we're organizing enormous protests (those LA marches were PSL events), and we're earning legitimacy fast.

I'm staying grounded as best I can, but something is in the horizon.

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[–] mar_k@hexbear.net 37 points 2 months ago
[–] viva_la_juche@hexbear.net 37 points 2 months ago (4 children)
[–] Hermes@hexbear.net 20 points 2 months ago

Is that also a USSR patch? The whole outfit is pretty based.

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[–] Skeleton_Erisma@hexbear.net 32 points 2 months ago* (last edited 2 months ago) (4 children)

Being a bus driver is a thankless job. Cars treat you like an inconvenience, passengers berate you, the agency pushes you around. Sure it pays well (I'm barely starting to climb out of the financial doom loop) and there's good and bad days but damn. I've been getting cussed at by passengers all day this week so far. Please thank your bus driver, it means a lot to them.

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[–] peppersky@hexbear.net 28 points 2 months ago* (last edited 2 months ago) (3 children)

"how can you explain this three year gap in your resume"

"that was when i was happy"

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[–] Moss@hexbear.net 26 points 2 months ago (2 children)

most of the time when people say "things used to be better" they're mythologising the past. but when people say "computers used to be better" they are the most correct anyone has every been

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[–] hexaflexagonbear@hexbear.net 26 points 2 months ago (1 children)

How are we STILL producing documentaries about the brave heroic American soldiers in Vietnam? WHO believes this shit anymore? Even the fucking trailer had the juxtaposition of the soldiers talking about bravery and honor while showing footage of napalm.

[–] hexaflexagonbear@hexbear.net 22 points 2 months ago

The stories of Vietnam war vets coming home to be spat on and called baby killers weren’t true, but they should have been.

[–] blight@hexbear.net 25 points 2 months ago

Fact: 99% of revolutionaries stop voting right before the most important election of their lifetimes.

[–] Carl@hexbear.net 25 points 2 months ago (1 children)

So I was listening to TrueAnon, Brace and Liz had some guy on to talk about California's wild fires and the failure of Newsom to address the issues that are causing them, ie unrestrained development in fire-prone areas, and doubling down on things that literally don't work and possibly make the conditions worse like mass brush clearances...

Then I saw that I was NOT listening to last week's episode, but episode 104 from October 2020 agony-shivering

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[–] viva_la_juche@hexbear.net 24 points 2 months ago

Usaid disappears and all of a sudden voosh starts begging for money and saying he may lose his job lol

[–] Taster_Of_Treats@hexbear.net 23 points 2 months ago* (last edited 2 months ago) (2 children)

Guy who thinks the Israeli Occupation Force is officially called the Israeli Occupation Force because they stumbled onto a Second Thought vid and JT said Israeli Occupation Force 100 times in a video on the topic of the Israeli Occupation Force.

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[–] DengistDonnieDarko@hexbear.net 22 points 2 months ago (3 children)

the 2nd annual reddit rexodus is upon us. hundreds of gentlesirs are migrating, and lemmy has become even more unbearable than usual. I, for one, am happy for our little haven, and I'm glad that the campfire ghost stories they tell themselves about us will keep them from here.

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[–] Moss@hexbear.net 22 points 2 months ago (2 children)

Shaun's donation livestream has raised nearly 300,000 dollars for Palestine so far. Amazing

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[–] President_Obama@hexbear.net 22 points 2 months ago (3 children)

Sent a text to a pretty guy asking him if he wants to go to the movies inshallah

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[–] Inui@hexbear.net 21 points 2 months ago (1 children)

My partner is becoming radicalized by all these executive orders. They've never really been interested in politics or tuned in to the subtle terror our politicians have been inflicting on us and the rest of the world. Everything being in their face has them asking me so many questions about what's going on and what to do about it.

We're both joining PSL once we relocate later this year. They essentially want to undergo a formal education program/bootcamp to get up to date on revolutionary politics.

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[–] hexaflexagonbear@hexbear.net 21 points 2 months ago (1 children)

Guy who thinks Elon is a rocket scientist because he did the rocket science salute.

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[–] oscardejarjayes@hexbear.net 21 points 2 months ago (1 children)

Republicans posting about how USAID is a money laundering operation has me so baffled. Do they not understand when USAID uses vague line items, it's because they're doing something sketchy with foreign opposition groups?

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[–] glimmer_twin@hexbear.net 21 points 2 months ago* (last edited 2 months ago)

Person I had a first date with the other day seems super into me and feeling is mutual! We’re so back. Second date on the weekend, very excited.

[–] thelastaxolotl@hexbear.net 21 points 2 months ago (2 children)
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[–] Frogmanfromlake@hexbear.net 20 points 2 months ago (3 children)

Browsing leftist social media would have you believe AOC is widely disliked by left-leaning people but she’s still very popular with leftish normies who are somewhat tuned in. Very few either remember her cowardice or defend it saying she can only do so much.

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[–] hexaflexagonbear@hexbear.net 20 points 2 months ago* (last edited 2 months ago) (4 children)

Having 20 year old engineers running DOGE instead of auditors is levels of incompetent I didn’t think was possible for even Musk. It’s incredible a single spacex rocket has ever made it to space. He has the instincts of a guy who watches Silicon Valley, thinks all of the guys are cool, and offers to start a start-up with everyone that gets into his Uber.

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[–] Sbebg@hexbear.net 20 points 2 months ago (3 children)

Okay this is my last airbud post I promise. But for anyone who hasn’t seen it. The best tweet of all time.

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[–] hexaflexagonbear@hexbear.net 20 points 2 months ago (2 children)

I didn’t make this up, they tried to do the trans women in sports thing over a beauty pageant, right? Like fully went “it’s not fair to cis women, trans women are just too pretty, they’re too talented”?

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[–] DragonBallZinn@hexbear.net 20 points 2 months ago (3 children)

“You leftists are soooo oversensitive….now let me tell you about a time when I used to be left wing and abandoned all my ideas because a lefty was rude to me and now I’m a nazi! That’s what you get!”

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[–] Sol_Tradguy@hexbear.net 20 points 2 months ago* (last edited 2 months ago) (2 children)

everything feels terrible alone at night when i don't drink. i blamed my inability to immerse in any of the activities i might want to do during this time of day to depression, but im not that depressed rn broadly in the rest of my life, so im starting to think my drinking might be to self medicate my ADHD and my depression and anxiety?????? matt-jokerfied definitely gonna finally look into a psychiatrist once my new insurance card comes to get on some dang amphetamines

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[–] hexaflexagonbear@hexbear.net 20 points 2 months ago (2 children)

The CIA offered all of its staff a buyout lets-fucking-go

lol kinda cool the republicans are becoming so committed to austerity they may actually defund (some of) the police

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[–] ClathrateG@hexbear.net 20 points 2 months ago* (last edited 2 months ago) (2 children)

So those astronauts are still just up there

Kinda nightmare fuel, supposed to be up a week but have been there 8 months and counting and will be several months more till they have a chance to get back; which is entirely based on the willingness and ability of Musk to do so

He'll probably deem it woke, hopefully a Shenzou will pick them up

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[–] hexaflexagonbear@hexbear.net 20 points 2 months ago (2 children)

Marc Andreesen’s VC firm hired one of the guys that murdered a BLM protester a few years ago. The guy will be a partner at the firm and seems to have no relevant experience. Cool stuff 👍

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[–] keepcarrot@hexbear.net 20 points 2 months ago (1 children)

I hate waking up in the middle of the night and taking more than four hours to get back to sleep. What the fuck

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[–] viva_la_juche@hexbear.net 20 points 2 months ago

“You have committed a crime 🤓🤓🤓”

Luigi pls

[–] videogame@hexbear.net 20 points 2 months ago (1 children)

Tariffs paused for 30 days? Nothing ever happens bros we are so back

[–] Cowbee@hexbear.net 20 points 2 months ago* (last edited 2 months ago) (1 children)

Confusing harassment from MeanwhileOnGrad regular

@TheFrirish@jlai.lu replied in clear bad-faith to a comment I made 10 months ago in a community I am permabanned from for calling out the moderators for censoring my comments pointing out the Democrat's involvement in the genocide of Palestinians, was called out and reported by another user so their comment was removed, and then presumably Frirish went through my comment history and left a single downvote on every comment of mine for a good while, even the deleted ones.

This is the same user that has me tagged as "Tankie Influencer" and regularly posts about me, or mentions me, in MeanWhileOnGrad. Like, just how rent-free can you get? This user accuses me of "faking being nice" just to manipulate others and "push propaganda," it's very silly and normally I don't care about users like them but this was particularly out of nowhere, I genuinely don't know what to make of it.

Very silly interaction and I think they are in a bit of an emotional crisis to be doing something like this.

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[–] viva_la_juche@hexbear.net 20 points 2 months ago* (last edited 2 months ago) (1 children)
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[–] WIIHAPPYFEW@hexbear.net 19 points 2 months ago (1 children)

lol @ my polisci teacher recommending the andy griffith show to a hundred 18/19yos

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[–] LocalMaxima@hexbear.net 19 points 2 months ago

clueless white guy predicts weather in perfect groundhogese

[–] principalkohoutek@hexbear.net 19 points 2 months ago (1 children)

My lib family is winding themselves up, cuz of course they are. My sibling has linked to the following subreddits recently: fednews, twoxxpreppers, vetsagainsttyranny, somethingiswrong2024.

This is the best the resistance has to offer

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[–] DeathToBritain@hexbear.net 19 points 2 months ago (5 children)

thinking about when my wife said this. she was cooking ngl

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[–] HarryLime@hexbear.net 18 points 2 months ago (4 children)
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[–] Hohsia@hexbear.net 18 points 2 months ago (1 children)

Lmao at my company’s prize raffle they selected one of the C-suite’s sons who won a $1000 gift card

We have factory workers, office workers and call center people lol that probably would’ve made their day a little less hell . Of course this happens, par for the course

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[–] GalaxyBrain@hexbear.net 18 points 2 months ago
[–] asa_red_heathen@hexbear.net 18 points 2 months ago (9 children)

we love our wolf women dont we folks? we have the best wolf women, the best

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[–] EstraDoll@hexbear.net 18 points 2 months ago (1 children)

getting fired from my job at taco bell after repeatedly referring to Baja Blast as "Hatsune Miku Piss"

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[–] Cimbazarov@hexbear.net 18 points 2 months ago

Man I do really feel that the libs must be terrified right now. They think that there's nothing they can do because we have to follow the laws (for some reason it only applies to libs, even when republicans change those laws) and so that's what leads them to be smug about shit like egg prices. But to see the government tear itself apart and the people you somehow thought were the good guys are doing nothing about it, that's gotta disillusion some people.

At least us leftists kinda saw this coming, but maybe not as accelerated as it is.

[–] Babs@hexbear.net 18 points 2 months ago (3 children)

People complaining about the price of eggs when you can like, just not eat eggs im-vegan

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[–] Lerios@hexbear.net 18 points 2 months ago

okay i know everyone's talking about the us political situation rn, but i think we need to talk about the Real important political agenda of the modern day: outlawing periods. my back hurts and i demand the end of this misogynistic violence angery

[–] hexaflexagonbear@hexbear.net 18 points 2 months ago (2 children)

Trump blocking nsf grants based on “woke” keywords and one of those keywords is “bias”. That’s one way to kill off statistics and AI research I guess lmao

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[–] hexaflexagonbear@hexbear.net 18 points 2 months ago (1 children)

All of the office job emails and PowerPoints stuff is just fake make work. Like why can’t you just pay me to prove theorems? I assure you it’s not more useless than that massive email chain about absolutely nothing of substance everyone is stressing about.

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