The impression of legitimacy enjoyed by chiropractic is too damn high. I was well into my 20s before I ever heard a single word about it being pseudoscience. Walking around (usually on people's fucking spines) calling themselves doctors, I absolutely believed it was just some sub-variety of physiotherapy, which I guess is the point. In the whole universe of alternative medicine, I think that has to be the practice which has most effectively disguised itself as conventional medicine. It's gross.

how it punishes ~~gender~~ non-conformity

Fit the mold or die. Always the same.

There hugs AND kisses people?

I swear I was learning about extra X and Y in high school 20 years ago and that studies (at the time) were showing correlation between different traits displayed by effected people. Just that alone shows incredible gender fluidity.

So where we are, 20 years later, you’d think we’d have a better understanding within society but instead somehow it’s literally regressed since then.

I would honestly be very surprised if any Republican politicians actually care about sex or gender. I think they're just evil and those are convenient issues to divide the working class. When you don't have popular policy in real issues, you need to make up some fake ones to get people to still support you.

Fig 1 is a modified emotional change curve applied in learning and business settings. The term "Valley of Despair" is used in both concepts, and it's cool, memorable verbiage, but it shouldn't imply relation between Dunning-Kreuger and the change curve

https://forfengdesigns.com/tips-on-clawing-your-way-out-of-the-valley-of-despair-when-you-are-starting-a-new-business/

Image description: A modified emotional change curve from Evocon with Y-Axis being "attitude during change process" and X-Axis is time. There are 6 emotional phases described on this chart: 1. Neutral attitude, no knowledge; 2. Initial excitement, motivated; 3. Denial, indifferent, passive, apathy; 4. Resistance, frustration, doubt, anxiety (this phase falls below neutral and is described as "The Valley of Despair"); 5. Exploration, energized, small wins, creative; 6. Commitment, enthusiasm, problem solving, focus, team work.

it is basic biology, ie biology simplified to teach a kid in middle school. the thing is sciences don't stop at middle school level. a lot of university education is about clarifying that things you learned before were simplified to the point that they're practically useless if not outright wrong.

You can even be incorrect on a subject you have expertise in.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XX_male_syndrome

tldr biology is dice rolls and humans are intersex for no reason sometimes

on a side note one of my friends had this and she only found out when she started transitioning. she is now a trans woman with XX chromosomes. i can only imagine how fucking vindicating it must have felt

De La Chappell syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, androgen exposure in utero, ovotesticular disorder of of sex development all result in a person with cis male characteristics and in some cases cis male typical genitalia despite having xx chromosomes

Gene expression is not as straightforward as people think. All sorts of weird shit can happen, and that's not even including gene mutations.

https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/assets/File/Pitch_sketch_final.png?w=2000

This is the best resource I've seen to show things relatively simply.

The TL;DR is that a whole "Y" chromosome isn't exactly responsible for "maleness", the SRY gene is. It's normally on the Y chromosome, but mutations can occur placing that gene onto the X chromosome. Inversely, someone could inherit a Y chromosome without that gene, in which case they would develop with female traits.

It's not considered trans because someone with 46XX plus the SRY gene would develop male genitalia, be identified as male at birth, and likely identify themselves as male. For some types of these conditions, there are plenty of people walking around with no clue that their chromosomes don't match their gender.

Disclaimer: I'm not a geneticist, so i could have explained something a little off.

I googled it for you.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XX_male_syndrome

In 90 percent of these individuals, the syndrome is caused by the Y chromosome's SRY gene, which triggers male reproductive development, being atypically included in the crossing over of genetic information that takes place between the pseudoautosomal regions of the X and Y chromosomes during meiosis in the father.[2][7] When the X with the SRY gene combines with a normal X from the mother during fertilization, the result is an XX genetic male. Less common are SRY-negative individuals, those who are genetically females, which can be caused by a mutation in an autosomal or X chromosomal gene.[2] The masculinization of XX males is variable.

You've heard of xy people and xx people, but wait till you hear about X people!

Or xxx people, or xxy people, or... dies

I never tell people I have a PhD. It's rude, plus I don't have one.

I mean yeah, if you spent 5 years of your life pushing the edge of human understanding on a subject, and a shithead tells you to do the science on your research subject, it's relevant lol

Tbf, they kinda earned the right to brag.

True, but I do think it was warranted in this case.

This is putting confirmation bias to the extreme.

Well you don't know people with PhD that don't tell you they have one

There's a bunch of them, but one more common example is Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome.

It's also possible to have a non-functional SRY (XY but female), or to be XX with an SRY translocation (XX but male).

Biology is complicated: pretty much anyone who says it only happens one way or is really simple is wrong.